What is After Effects

Adobe After Effects is a software application for creating motion graphics and special effects used in video, online content and presentations. After Effects is available on both Mac OS and Windows computers. After Effects is used widely in TV and film post-production for the creation of special effects, animation, and video compositing. Projects created using After Effects can be used in broadcast TV, video, on the web, in-store displays, and kiosks. After Effects is part of the Adobe Creative Cloud.

After Effects can be used to design titles, create cartoon characters, and apply animation. Although it can do all these things, it is not the same as video editing software. This program is best used to apply effects after the footage has been edited, or to create animation and motion graphics from otherwise static objects. It is a tool for storytelling, creating visually appealing motion graphics that integrate into any medium to enhance a presentation, story, image, or mood.

How After Effects is used

The primary uses of After Effects are divided into three categories: Animation, Effects, and compositing.

The type of animation for which After Effects is mostly used is known as Motion Graphics, which involves creating motion and movement of traditionally static objects such as logos, text, and other graphic elements.

The type of Effects, sometimes called visual effects (VFX) are well known from film and video. Adding snow to a video scene, creating fire or water, making objects appear to turn into liquid are all examples of effects. You can use After Effects to create these visual effects from your own video.

After Effects is also used for digital compositing, which involves assembling multiple videos into a single product. Whether the videos are layered on top of each other, or in separate corners of a screen, After Effects makes it possible to merge together multiple videos using compositing.

Who uses After Effects

After Effects is used by visual artists, animators, advertising agencies, video artists, video editors, visual designers, social media professionals, video producers, motion graphics designers, UX professionals, and animators. Gaining proficiency in After Effects comes from in-depth training and hands-on use.

After Effects is the industry-standard software application for creating visual effects and motion graphics and can be purchased on its own or as part of the Adobe Creative Cloud. Gaining proficiency in After Effects program comes from in-depth training and hands-on use.

After Effects for TV, Movie, and video graphics

After Effects started as a program for graphics professionals to create high quality video for broadcast on television and it still is an important tool for broadcast-design professionals today. Walk into just about any post-production facility, advertising agency or motion graphic design studio in New York and you will find After Effects being used to create original content for video such as lower-thirds, bumpers, commercials, and title treatments. Many video professionals consider it an essential tool in their daily work for both motion graphics creations and compositing. In fact, you can see it in use by networks in NYC such as MTV, NBC, Spike, truTV, and the Food Network, where it’s used to produce stunning, high quality graphics and motion design packages quickly and affordably.

After Effects for creating web content

Companies of all sizes use the Internet as marketing and public relations tools and it is an excellent medium for displaying high quality motion graphics created using After Effects.

Whether user-created content being shared on YouTube and Vimeo, or professional level content created for Netflix and Hulu, After Effects has a place in online content creation.

After Effects for presentation graphics

Digital displays, such as high-definition televisions, monitors, and projectors, are some other areas where motion graphics is displayed. Whether you walk into a Midtown NYC bank and see a display with an animated logo, or attend a NY Rangers game at Madison Square Garden and see animation on the scoreboard, you are viewing After Effects in action. After Effects is used to add impact to otherwise static objects. This can also involve corporate presentations with animation for slides, charts, and graphs. With the proliferation and affordability of high-definition televisions and other digital displays, many public venues, such as malls, retail stores, schools, and even military bases, are using motion graphics to both inform and entertain.

After Effects Creative Cloud (CC)

Adobe After Effects CC is the industry standard software for visual effects and motion graphics. It is part of the subscription-based Adobe Creative Suite. CC stands for “creative cloud” and is automatically updated for its users on a continuous basis. This collaboration also makes it easier to use other Adobe applications when needed. CC also allows syncing of your settings to use it on any computer anywhere in the world. Although the program can be stored locally, the subscription must be active to receive updates and have all functionality. Subscriptions can be cancelled at any time.

What is created with After Effects

As a creative and technical tool for video, effects, and compositing it can be used to compose, create and stylize 2D footage in a 3D space. After Effects can be used to design titles, create 2D cartoon characters, merge videos together into a single unified set of moving images, animate static logos and text. After Effects is not the same as video editing software, as it is generally used to apply effects after video footage has been edited or to create stand-alone motion graphics.

The History of After Effects

Adobe After Effects was invented in 1993 and originally came from the Company of Science and Art (COSA) in Rhode Island. It was only available for Mac-based computers and was limited in its capabilities, which included layered compositing with mask, effect, transforms and keyframes.

After Effects Versions

After Effects Version 1.0 and 1.1 were released by COSA in January 1993 and May 1993 respectively.

The next version of After Effects was 2.0 in 1994 as development was taken over by Aldus Corporation. Thsi version added motion blur,  multi-machine rendering and a Time Layout window. Subsequent versions 2.0.1, 3.0, and 3.1 were released in 1995 and 1996.

Adobe acquired Aldus in July, 1993 and the first Adobe release of Adobe After Effects was version 3.0.

In May 1997 with version 3.1, the first Windows version was released, along with French and German translations. In November of that same year, Animated GIF output and Path Text effect were released to users for free.

Version 4.0 was released in January 1999 and added a number of improvements, including audio and transform effects, tabbed windows, particle playground, adjustment layers, rulers and guides, Premier import, Illustrator layers support, and label colors in the timeline. This was also the first dual Mac & Windows release of this program.

4.1 followed in December of that same year, adding 3D channel effects, sequence layers, 30,000x30,000 image support and other enhancements.

5.0 was released in April 2001 and added major bells and whistles. This was the introduction of Photoshop 6 vector mask import, PDF import, solo switch, 16 bits per channel color, Atomic Power plug-ins, 3D layers and lights, dynamic previews and more.

In January 2002, version 5.5 was released and was the first OS X version. It added RealMedia output, Zaxwerks 3D Invigorator Classic bundled, effects palette, import camera data and multiple 3D views.

Version 6.0 was released in August 2003. With this release came editable Photoshop text layers, paint, scripting, text layers and animation, Keylight, Scribble, Dust & Scratches and Open GL support. Version 6.5 was released in June 2004 with minor enhancements.

In January 2006, Version 7.0 was released, adding Adobe Bridge support, display color management, Photoshop file creation, smart blur, a dynamic link with Premiere Pro, timewarp, 32-bit audio and the first Spanish & Italian versions.

The introduction of CS3 came with version 8.0 in July 2007, added full color management, and the first Universal Binary Intel Mac version. CS3 (8.0.2) was released in February, 2008 and was the last Mac PowerPC version.

CS4 was released in September 2008, with updates in May 2009 and October 2010. CS5 was also released in 2010, overlapping CS4 to fix glitches that were present. The CS5 release made 64-bit native mandatory on OS X and Windows. CS5 had four updates.

CS6 was released in April 2012, and added import from Final Cut Pro along with other enhancements. Live PSD 3D layer import was removed. CS6 had 2 upgrades.

The first version of CC was introduced June 2013, which added Maxon Cinema 4D Lite & Cinewar3e integration, Refine Soft Matte, layer snapping and Warp Stabilizer VFX. Additional upgrades in October 2013 and December 2013 added OS 10.9 & Retina support, property linking, mask tracker, the automatic creation of folders for image sequences, and other small quality improvements.

CC2014 was released June 2014. This included the ability to import Sony RAW footage, MPEG-4 SStp, and video preview on an external monitor with Mercury Transmit. This also had two upgrades in September and December.

CC2015 was released in November 2015, with upgrades in January 2016 and June 2016.  The release of CC2017 in November 2016 introduced Creative Cloud Team Projects. The upgrade in CC2017 allowed Team projects to be saved locally. The second upgrade of 2017 was released in April 2017 and added Lumetri Scopes, camera-shake deblur, and multiple GPU optimizations.

After Effects CC 2020 was released in January of 2020 and included performance improvements and added Content Aware Fill for video, something that was previously available in Adobe's Photoshop application. There were three interim updates to the CC 2020 version of After Effects, adding incremental capabilities.

After Effects CC 2021 was released in March 2021 and added real-time draft preview for 3D projects, and additional team capabilities.

After Effects CC 2022 was released in October of 2021. This version included numerous changes to rendering and the render queue.

After Effects file formats

After Effects CC can import and export certain file formats. There are also codecs (third-party plug-ins) that can extend this listing. To import a QuickTime or AVI file, the codec must be present on the computer. Error messages received usually mean the codec needs to be installed. These are the current file formats supported per category:

Audio

These audio files can be imported and exported:

Advanced Audio Coding (AAC, M4A); Audio Interchange File Format (AIF, AIFF); MP3 (MP3, MPEG, MPA, MPA, MPE); and Waveform (WAV);

Still images

These still image extension can be imported and exported. Note: You can import files of any still image format as a sequence.

Adobe Photoshop (PSD); Cineon (CIN, DPX); IFF (IFF, TDI); JPEG (JPG, JPE); OpenEXR (EXR); Portable Network Graphics (PNG); Radiance (HDR, RGBE, XYZE); SGI (SGI, BW, RGB); Targa (TGA, VDA, ICB, VST); and TIFF (TIF).

These still images files are only for importing into After Effects:

Adobe Illustrator (AI, EPS, PS); Adobe PDF (PDF); Bitmap (BMP, RLE, DIB); Camera raw (TIF, CRW, NEF, RAF, ORF, MRW, DCR, MOS, RAW, PEF, SRF, DNG, X3F, CR2, ERF); CompuServe GIF (GIF); Discreet RLA/RPF; ElectricImage (IMG, EI); Encapsulated PostScript (EPS); Maya Camera Data (MA); and PCX.

Video and animation

These video files can be imported and exported:

3GPP (3GP, 3G2, AMC); Animated GIF (GIF); DV; Open Media Framework (OMF); QuickTime (MOV); and Video for Windows (AVI).

These video files are import only:

Adobe Flash Player (SWF); Adobe Flash Video (FLV,  F4V); AVCHD (M2TS); Media eXchange Format (MXF); MPEG-1 (MPG, MPE, MPA, MPV, MOD); MPEG-2 (MPG, M2P, M2V, M2A, M2T); MPEG-4 (MP4,  M4V); Windows Media (WMV, WMA); and XDCAM HD/XDCAM EX (MXF, MP4)

Project Files

These files can be imported and exported, with the exception of Advanced Authoring Format (AAF), which is import only.

Adobe After Effects XML Project (AEPX); Adobe Premiere Pro (PRPROJ); Cinema 4D Importer

CMYK file formats

The following files that use the CMYK color space can be imported through After Effects:

Adobe Photoshop (.PSD); Adobe Illustrator (.AI); and Encapsulated PostScript (.EPS). The files are then converted to RGB.

Note: After Effects cannot assign an input color profile to files that use non-RGB color spaces, such as CMYK, limited color management. Every effort should be made to convert the files to RGB before importing them.

16-bpc and 32-bpc file formats

While After Effects can operate in 16 and 32 bits per channel, most video and animation file formats and codecs support only 8-bpc. Typical cross-application workflows for higher bit-depth color involve rendering to a still image sequence rather than a video or animation file. Still image formats that support 16-bpc that After Effects can render to include PSD, PNG, TIFF, IFF, and SGI. Formats that support 32-bpc include PSD, EXR, HDR, and TIFF.

Video codecs that support 10-bpc are provided with hardware such as a capture card or software such as Adobe Premiere Pro. You can import 10-bpc uncompressed YUV AVI files created in Adobe Premiere Pro into 16-bpc RGB After Effects projects. You can also render from After Effects with 10-bpc YUV compression.

How to learn After Effects

There are a number of ways to learn After Effects, including in the classroom, online, and through videos and tutorials.

Learning After Effects in the Classroom

Local institutions and training centers provide hands-on teaching for those individuals who learn better in a classroom setting. After Effects classes are on a set schedule and delivered by a live instructor. This allows for real-time demonstrations, interactive projects, and for questions to be answered right away. Class participants work on a computer and receive a textbook along with projects for practical experiences. After Effects courses are available in many cities including Boston, as well as New York and also Philadelphia. An After Effects bootcamp provides an in-depth opportunity to learn effects and motion graphics, while individual video editing courses compliment learning motion graphics and animation. A multi-week video editing certificate combines learning After Effects with related video editings skills and job placement assistance, or the video editing bootcamp provides a deep dive into digital video.

After Effects Online Training

Learning online is another option for those choosing to learn After Effects. This solution is for those individuals who need may not be able to attend a classroom training. These After Effects training courses online are small-group live sessions delivered via a web conference.  In these settings, they also interact through discussions and live chat with the instructor.

After Effects Private Training

Many businesses offer this option to their employees as an incentive for retention. This is also a viable option because these trainings can be tailored to address exactly what the students need.

Self-Help After Effects Training

There are a number of video tutorials and books on After Effects that can enhance learning this program. This also allows you to learn at your own pace, which can be beneficial.

After Effects Mac vs Windows

Puget Systems, a custom computer business solution, conducted a test to determine the differences of After Effects on Mac vs Windows. The test systems:

Mac Pro (Late 2013); Intel Xeon 2.7-3.5 GHz; Intel Core i7 6900K 3.2 GHz.

Operating Systems for After Effects: Mac OS Sierra; Windows 10 Pro 64-bit

Software: After Effects CC 2017.1

Both of these systems were single drive. The tests were conducted with both standard animation projects, as well as 4K video files using effects such as Lumetri Color. They also tested motion tracking with both 1080 p and 4K footage. The results:

RAM Preview

There was not much of a difference between the two at any preview resolution, but the Windows was about 8% faster at quarter resolution, 4% faster at half resolution, and 15% faster at full resolution.

RAM Preview – Lumetri Color

There was no significant difference between Metal and Open CL on the Mac Pro, but the PC was much faster. At full resolution, the MAC Pro’s performance got worse.

Motion Tracking

Windows was a few seconds faster on a 1080 project, which is a 7% gain. On 4K however, the PC was ~22% faster. Overall, there was a 15% performance gain using Windows.

The conclusion was that the current version of Windows is faster than the Mac when using After Effects.

How much After Effects costs

The cost of a stand-alone version of After Effects CC  is approximately $20 per month on its own, or to access all Creative Cloud apps, including After Effects, the fees are approximately $50 per month. After Effects is available only by subscription as part of the Creative Cloud. It is not sold as a packaged product with a long-term license.